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Summary:
This article highlights the limitations of traditional culture methods in diagnosing infectious diseases, particularly in orthopedic infections. It explores the use of molecular diagnostic methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), as alternatives. PCR offers targeted amplification of pathogenic DNA, while NGS provides comprehensive sequencing of genetic material. NGS has shown promise in detecting rare and fastidious bacteria, identifying unusual microorganisms, and improving targeted antibiotic therapy. However, challenges in implementation and the need for further validation studies remain. Despite these challenges, NGS is considered a valuable tool in identifying infecting organisms that are often missed by traditional culture techniques. Its use requires collaboration between medical professionals and training in molecular technology. NGS has the potential to revolutionize clinical microbiology by replacing labor-intensive methods with a single diagnostic test.